Intermittent Explosive Disorder is defined by the DSM-V as “recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses.” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Children as young as six years old may receive this diagnosis when display a pattern of impulsive and aggressive outbursts verbally and/or physically towards others. These outbursts are impulsive, difficult to predict and without trigger. To qualify for diagnosis, outbursts must occur about twice a week for at least three months (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Intermittent Explosive Disorder vs Anger

Anger is made up of three parts: EVENT → THOUGHT → PHYSICAL RESPONSE = FEELING (ANGER). Intermittent Explosive Disorder lacks triggers and is unpredictable. Individuals may simply REACT without any EVENT, THOUGHT or PHYSICAL RESPONSE. The individual lacks an inability to resist aggressive urges and often seriously damage property or assault others, and react in ways that are entirely out of proportion to the provocation.

Explosive eruptions occur suddenly, with little or no warning, and usually last less than 30 minutes. These episodes may occur frequently or be separated by weeks or months of nonaggression. Less severe verbal outbursts may occur in between episodes of physical aggression. You may be irritable, impulsive, aggressive or chronically angry most of the time.

Aggressive episodes may be preceded or accompanied by:

• Rage
• Irritability
• Increased energy
• Racing thoughts
• Tingling
• Tremors
• Palpitations
• Chest tightness

1998-2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER).

The explosive verbal and behavioral outbursts are out of proportion to the situation, with no thought to consequences, and can include:

• Temper tantrums
• Tirades
• Heated arguments
• Shouting
• Slapping, shoving or pushing
• Physical fights
• Property damage
• Threatening or assaulting people or animals

1998-2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER).

People with intermittent explosive disorder have an increased risk of:

• Impaired interpersonal relationships. They're often perceived by others as always being angry. They may have frequent verbal fights or there can be physical abuse. These actions can lead to relationship problems, divorce and family stress.
• Trouble at work, home or school. Other complications of intermittent explosive disorder may include job loss, school suspension, car accidents, financial problems or trouble with the law.
• Problems with mood. Mood disorders such as depression and anxiety often occur with intermittent explosive disorder.
• Problems with alcohol and other substance use. Problems with drugs or alcohol often occur along with intermittent explosive disorder.
• Physical health problems. Medical conditions are more common and can include, for example, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and stroke, ulcers, and chronic pain.
• Self-harm. Intentional injuries or suicide attempts sometimes occur.

1998-2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER).

Intermittent Explosive Disorder is very important to address because it can affect relationships, education, and occupational environments. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for managing anger and learning positive coping skills for individuals ages 13 and up. For children ages 6 and up, I recommend family therapy and parent skills training as it is important for parents and caretakers to learn effect ways to cope, manage and teach their children to manage anger effectively. Anger management skills will be taught during every session once a positive rapport has been established.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder falls in the category of impulse control disorders and can be treated with medication with combination of individual and family therapy, group therapy, and mindfulness techniques. Studies suggest that patients with intermittent explosive disorder respond to treatment with antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents in the benzodiazepine family, anticonvulsants, and mood stabilizers. Individuals have also been treated with ADHD medications to reduce impulsivity. It is important to consult with your physician, neurologist or psychiatrist for medical treatment.